Twists, Bounces, and Cosmic Mysteries: A Fresh Look at Gravity and the Hidden Forces of the Universe

Teleparallel gravity is a less-explored but equally valid and alternative formulation of gravity that describes the force of gravity in terms of torsion instead of curvature of the spacetime. This theory offers a more consistent framework for introducing fields with intrinsic spin, like the Kalb-Ramond (KR) field, into the equations governing its dynamics. The KR field, which is crucial in string theory and theories of higher-dimensional unification, has remained mostly undetected in current cosmological observations, raising questions about its role in the early Universe. We provides significant explanation into this issue by understanding the teleparallel framework with the behavior of the KR field in bouncing cosmologies (published in Physical Review D-https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.103505). In a significant leap forward for cosmology, we have published a paper that tackles the problem of the elusive Kalb-Ramond (KR) fields. These fields, which are fundamental in string theory and higher-dimensional theories, have perplexed scientists for a long time due to their absence in experimental observations. We propose that the absence of KR fields in present-day observations could be intrinsically tied to bouncing cosmologies—models of the Universe where the Big Bang singularity is replaced by a 'cosmological bounce'. By using a generalized teleparallel framework, we showed that the KR field naturally sources the equivalent of Einstein's equations, which control the dynamics of the bounce. Our work demonstrates that the energy density of the KR field concentrates around the time of the bounce, effectively disappearing thereafter, resulting in an undetectable density, especially in the case of the matter bounce scenario. This provides a reasonable explanation for the current absence of observational evidence for Kalb Ramond fields in the present universe. This might give insights that could reshape our understanding of the early Universe while also emphasising the viability of teleparallel gravity as a effective framework for including fields with spin.